The Tragedy of Child Abuse in America :: Violence Against Children

Child smear is the intentional infliction of physical, moral, and sexual pain and suffering on a kidskin. It is performed mainly by parents who were ill-treated as children themselves. There are many causes for child abuse. In nigh cases children are mistreated when parents or caretakers have maladjustive responses to stressful situations or timber powerless. Searching for relief, they may hit someone with even less power than they, and these are often children. Other times child abuse is the result of family problems all over which the abuser has no control. Alcohol was said to be involved in fourteen portion of the cases of abuse and in cardinal and a half pct of the cases of neglect. Religion, residence in the city or country, region of the country, and race are all related to violence in a home. Approximately eighty percent of the child-abusers were themselves abused as children. A high percentage of abusing parents feel that they are legitimately exercising their parent al right. The parents injure their yield hoping that the child will diversify a manner or learn a lesson. They take the idea of discipline to a brutal degree. In some cases the parents are simply excessively young and/or immature to take good care of their children. There is a higher percentage rate of mistreatment in families with mixed religion marriages. genuinely often it is a recollection of small pressures that finally make a parent explode. It is most likely that the abuser is assiduous only part-time or is jobless. Retired men and women are the least likely to harm a child. Most of the abusers do not suffer any agreeable of psychiatric illness. Because children with disabilities create more(prenominal) stress, they are more likely to be abused. Physical violence is more common in poor families, families living to a lower place stress or parents who suffered hardness as children. Types of abuse also vary. The broad picture includes only moral, physical and sexual abu se, while in the narrower picture for each one of these has its own sub-topics. The kind of abuse varies depending on the age of the victim. Infant and pre-school children are more likely to suffer fractures, burns and bruises. This is called the Battered child syndrome discovered by C. Henry Kempe. Although school gray or adolescent fe manlikes are more likely to suffer from sexual molestation, there is a recently growing compute of sexual abuse of pre-school and male victims.The Tragedy of Child Abuse in America Violence Against ChildrenChild abuse is the intentional infliction of physical, moral, and sexual pain and suffering on a child. It is performed mainly by parents who were maltreated as children themselves. There are many causes for child abuse. In some cases children are mistreated when parents or caretakers have maladaptive responses to stressful situations or feel powerless. Searching for relief, they may hit someone with even less power than they, and these are of ten children. Other times child abuse is the result of family problems over which the abuser has no control. Alcohol was said to be involved in fourteen percent of the cases of abuse and in eighteen and a half percent of the cases of neglect. Religion, residence in the city or country, region of the country, and race are all related to violence in a home. Approximately eighty percent of the child-abusers were themselves abused as children. A high percentage of abusing parents feel that they are legitimately exercising their parental right. The parents injure their offspring hoping that the child will change a manner or learn a lesson. They take the idea of discipline to a brutal degree. In some cases the parents are simply too young and/or immature to take good care of their children. There is a higher percentage rate of mistreatment in families with mixed religion marriages. Very often it is a recollection of small pressures that finally make a parent explode. It is most likely tha t the abuser is employed only part-time or is jobless. Retired men and women are the least likely to harm a child. Most of the abusers do not suffer any kind of psychiatric illness. Because children with disabilities create more stress, they are more likely to be abused. Physical violence is more common in poor families, families living under stress or parents who suffered cruelty as children. Types of abuse also vary. The broad picture includes only moral, physical and sexual abuse, while in the narrower picture each of these has its own sub-topics. The kind of abuse varies depending on the age of the victim. Infant and pre-school children are more likely to suffer fractures, burns and bruises. This is called the Battered child syndrome discovered by C. Henry Kempe. Although school aged or adolescent females are more likely to suffer from sexual molestation, there is a recently growing number of sexual abuse of pre-school and male victims.

Eric Arthur Blair :: essays research papers

Eric Blairs fictional name was George Orwell , bornJune 25,1903 in Motihari, India . At that time India was part of the BritishEmpire(Orwell page 1 of 4). This was near the turn of the century, so notmany people could afford to move to India with out the BritishEmpire(Orwell pg. 1 of 4). Erics father Richard Blair was an actor of theOpium Department of the Indian Civil Service.Blairs Grandfather served inthe Indian Army for sometime before Blairs birth. His family was not verywealthy Blair later on described them as lower-upper-middle class(Orwellpg.1of 4). In fact, they owned no property or held any investment whats soever. When Eric was about 8 his family move back to England and moved toa town called Henley, although his father still worked in India. Beingmiddle-class, going to give lessons was tough however, his parents sent him to aprivate school in Sussex at the tender age of 8. By the time he was 13 he hadreceived a scholarship to Wellington, and soon after other to Eat on, thefamous public school(Orwell pg.1 of 4). After being forced to be good inschool, he was not interested in anymore hike up mental exertion(Orwellpg. 1 of 4). So he inflexible to go with his private ambition, to write. At thebeginning he writes At the age of five or six he knew that he wouldbe-must be a writer(Orwell pg1 of 4). He made up his mind fast unlike manyother writers. However, to be a writer one has to read literature. However, atEaton English Lit. was not a major subject, because most boys that went toEaton came from backgrounds either irremediably unliterary or so literarythat to school them English Literature would be absurd(Orwell pg.1 of 4).Although he wanted to become a writer he finished 138th of 167(Orwell pg.2 of 4). After this he decided to join the Indian imperial Police however, helater left after 5 years in service. This was distracting him from his mainlifestyle, a writer and because wished to bring out from every form of mansdominion over man(Or well pg. 2 of 4). In London he settled down into a nasty bedroom(Orwell pg.2 of 4). And started to teach himself how towrite. He was now twenty-four and week after week he remained in hisunheated bedroom(Orwell pg. 2 of 4). It was so mothy that he thawed hishands over a candle when they became to numb to write(Orwell pg. 2 of 4).

Free Essays On Shakespeares Sonnet 55 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 55   Not marble, nor the gilded monuments   Of princes, shall outlive this powerful rhyme   But you shall shine more bright in these contents   Than unswept stone besmeard with sluttish time.   When wasteful war shall statues overturn,   And broils root out the work of masonry,   Nor Mars his sword nor wars quick fire shall burn   The liveness record of your retentivity.   Gainst death and all-oblivious enmity   Shall you pace forth your praise shall still find room   Even in the eye of all posterity   That last this world out to the ending doom.   So, till the judgment that yourself arise,   You live in this, and dwell in lovers eyes.     Line 2* - The poet could be referring to his own sonnet specifically, or to poetry in general.   Line 4* - stone (1) gravestone set in the church pavement on which the memorial inscription is rendered illegible by accumulated dust and the footsteps of the c ongregation (2) uncared-for tumid tomb or monument (the prey of dust and passing time) (G. Blakemore Evans, Shakespeares Sonnets, 163).   Line 7* - Mars is the Roman god of war, often portrayed as a warrior in wide battle armor, including a sword and shield. In Greek mythology Mars is known as Ares.   Line 12* - that refers to posterity, not to eyes.   Line 14* - Some scholars believe that Shakespeare is saying that his friend will be a source of inspiration for lovers everywhere (ie. dwell in the eyes of lovers everywhere). But it most likely means that the poets friend will dwell in the eyes of people who grow to love the friend through the poets verse.   Sonnet 55 is one of Shakespeares most famous works and a noticeable deviation from otherwise sonnets in which he appears insecure about his relationships and his own self-worth. Here we find an impassioned burst of confidence as the poet claims to have the power to keep his friends memory alive evermore. Som e critics argue that Shakespeares sudden swell of pride in his poetry was strictly artificial - a blatant attempt to mimic the name of the classical poets. It is difficult on any other hypothesis to reconcile the inflated egotism of such a one as 55 with the modest dedications to the Venus and Lucrece, 1593 and 1594, or with the expressions of humility found in the sonnets themselves, e.

Free Essay on Conrads Heart of Darkness - Human or Humane? :: Heart Darkness essays

Heart of Darkness Hu humankind or Humane? Upon reading Heart of Darkness we are immediately struck with the issue of the nature of man, and what it means to be human or humane. To be human means to have a mind, to be living, and function as a primate. To be humane on the other hand means to be tender, compassionate, affectionate, kindhearted, and empathetic. It is often assumed that to be human means to be humane, but as Marlow learned on his excursion through the dark jungle of the Congo, one has nothing to do with the other. Marlows first taste of mans true self as he saw it, began when he saw the six man chain gang, as was referred to in the book, six black men chained together simply being treated as inferiors, almost as slaves. I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a ropeeach had an iron triplet on his neck, and all were connected together with a chain whose bights swung between them, rhythmically clinking. (Conrad, pg. 81) Upon seeing this a trocious sight of men being treated as savages, Marlow compares the white men who are leading these chained up men, to devils, by remarking that he had seen devils, but never devils who drove other men like cattle. manpower who were no different then themselves, except in the color of their skin. As Marlow continues come out the Congo, he begins to reflect upon the river, as the river of truth and reality, because as he transcends down it, his ability to find the truth in any situation grows. With every turn, he learns that mans inhumanity to his own kind is mans greatest sin. On page 106 Conrad talks about how Marlow felt when he was proceeding towards Kurtzs station, and he explains that heMarlow can feel the agone, among the fire realities brought upon by the river, the trees, and the silence. There were moments when ones past came back to one, as it will sometimes when you have not a moment to spare to yourselfbut it came in the shape of an unrestful and noisy dream,remem bered with wonder amongst the overwhelming realities of the strange world of plants,and water, and silence....When you have to attend to things of that sort, to the mere incidents of the surface, the reality- the reality, I tell you-fades.

Reading and its Effects on Development Essay -- Early Childhood Develo

Reading and its Effects on DevelopmentOver the age the attention pore on children from birth to three days has increased dramatically. Actually, it was in the 1970s that researchers began to believe that interpret to infants would help to stimulate their growth and information. Up to the decade of the 1970s many people believed that infants lacked any intellectual abilities. Some people also believed that an infants hearing and vision were not operative in the low gear few months of tone. But, over the years stu evanesces have proven otherwise. The first three years of life have been proven to be the most critical years in a childs development. One area looked at by researchers and teachers are is how reading to infants and toddlers affects their development. Researchers and child development specialists advocate that parents begin reading to their children, even from birth, because it helps the childs brain to develop more quickly and aids in the development of languag e skills. Brain development is very pivotal in the first three years of life. Experts now say its the first three years of a childs life that may hold the key to the future (Phillips, 1998). Infants are born with about one hundred billion brain cells, and when the child is not stimulated the brain cells die off. The critical period of brain development is within the first six months of life the sensitive period of brain development includes birth to three years of age (Murray, n.d). At three months the brain has the potential to distinguish several hundred spoken sounds. Over the next few months the brain organizes itself to recognize precisely the sounds it hears (Phillips, 1998). This shows that if a child is not exposed to literature and other ... ...We Make a Difference? Pediatrics. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http//www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0950/4_105/62023007/print.jhtml Maxcey, M.(1998, April 29). Reading to Children Stimulates Early Brain Development. Retrieve d April 20, 2003, from http//www.agnews.tamu.edu/stories/CFAM/Apr2998a.htm Murray, B. (n.d). Understanding brain development and early learning New research better inform the nature vs. nurture issue. FACSNET. Retrieved April 23, 2003, from http//www.facsnet.org/tools.sci_tech/biotek/eliot.php Phillips, A. (1998, April 27). Babys brain First three years of life may hold the key to childs future. Courier. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http//www.wcfcourier.com/life98/980426first.html Porter, P. (2003, April 6). Early Brain Development. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http//www.educarer.com/brain.htm

hate speech :: essays research papers

Filtered FreedomHate speech communication is often misunderstood because it can be classified as both careless or intentionally hurtful. Many people interpret careless statements as effects of aggression, but with good reason. It would be false to say that the freedom of speech has never been manipulated to inflict damage upon others. Questions have been risen of what hate speech is and if it should be allowed to be viewed by public access. Alan M. Dershowitz delivers an enumerative definition of the term by maintain all speech that criticizes anothers race, religion, gender, ethnicity, appearance, class, physical or mental capabilities, or sexual preference. However simply defining hate speech by listing out its various forms only amplifies its definition, but it fails to clarify. Vicki Chiang manages to provide a more analytical understanding of the term by listing the various forms of the act and addressing the effects upon all involved. Dershowitzs list of hurtful instances of hate speech conveys a definition of the term as a whole, but does not carry on all forms hate speech. Hate speech is any action that conveys a critical perception of an opinion which criticizes a group in a detrimental manner. By addressing all forms of hate speech and considering all involved it can be concluded that though such media is often viewed as offensive, it should not be censored by a legislative body that advocates freedom of speech. In a library, one should be allowed access to the records of the past in order to trick out for the future, despite the severity of the content. As a public place designed to encourage mental stimulation, obstruction of knowledge in a library is a sociological setback. Hindering a nations source of intellectual growth and the entire potential of the country, will inevitably do more disparage than it can good. Though one may argue that the preservation of information regarding such events could inspire new acts of hate, the past will s hed light on what to do in such situations. People need to understand why the statements made in the past did not always justify their actions. It is our cultural business relationship that provides us with insight of what is just and what is prejudiced.Cultural values feed off freedom of expression, whether it is through censorship or the proclamation of beliefs and feelings. Such a familiarity is the foundation of our country, and should not be obstructed in a place of common ground such as a library.

Marketing proposal for a new product Essay

Antwerpen Imporor Co., Ltd, a leading import company in Belgium, received the sales indorse of a new high-class make of shoes named Lightfoot recently. The Lightfoot was developed to significantly improve the way of todays life story style.Lightfoot go forth be positioned as a high-end harvest-home both in fashion style and comfort. The product will be sold via company website, and 5 stores located in Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Brugge and Leuven. The product will be launched to market by August 2003.The potential market for Lightfoot is very promising in Belgium. Belgium has the 6th highest per capita income in the world. In 2002, Belgium had a per capita pose of approximately $22,941. As a result, Belgians enjoy a high level of disposable income and have the financial means to consider life style, the strongest growth sector in the Belgian expenditure. Future consumption market should still continue to increase.The financial projection for family 1 is a net margin of 2,825,000 .00 EURO.The trouble and sales force team members have a strong background in the fashion exertion. The General Manager was former the former business increase manager for Shoeslock, the Director of Sales and Marketing was formerly chief sales manager for Nike Belgium.ObjectivesMission To lead the market of quality shoes/fashion industry in Belgium with an aim of achievement in both brand names and profit.TargetIn the first fiscal yearlto reach the medium sell price at an average of 225.00 Euro for ladies, and 265.00 Euro for Gentlemen respectivelylto reach the total sales of 8,675,000.00 Euro as the turnoverlto reach a 75.00 Euro of net margin for Ladies, and 85.00 Euro for Gentlemen respectivelylto concern a 30% of the market lucklto build the public brand awareness in the fashion industry of BelgiumIn the second fiscal yearlto reach a 20% increasing of the saleslto reach a 20% of the net marginlto occupy a 35% of the market shareValueThe product is definitely out to address the needs of the high-end consumer, who is willing to pay more for quality. In the particular market,the Lightfoot provides consumer, who cares about design and quality of life style, a combination of highest quality product and excellence of design, at a relatively high price.Mea for certain of SuccessThe minimum price of sale will be at 225.00 Euro for Ladies and 265 Euro for Gentlemen. The turnover for the first year will be 15,000 pairs of lady shoes and 20,000 pairs of man shoes with a net margin for 75 Euro per pair of ladies and 85 Euro per pair of gentlemen.MethodologyOur sales strategy is based mainly on making the right information available to the right butt joint customers. We cant afford to sell people on our expensive product, because most do not have budget. What we really do is to make sure that those who have budget and appreciate the product know that it exits, and know where to find it.The marketing has to convey the sense of quality and fashion in any picture, every promotion, and every publication. We cant afford to appear in second-rate catalog with poor illustrations that make the product look less than it is.Promotion dodgeThe product will be promoted heavily at the 2003 Fall fashion Show in October, to begin to build brand awareness in the general fashion market. A special open invitation session and cocktail reception will be held at the end of day of the fashion show to introduce and salute the product, focusing on its design and value.A direct mail campaign will begin immediately following the fashion show with special particular pricing discounts for those on the mailing list who also attend the special demo session.

Youth obesity

Game consoles, MacDonalds, KFC, all companies that provide entertainment and fried forages for kids atomic number 18 the main causers of the growing number of pincerren becoming orotund. These companies are so prevalent on todays youths lives that they make a profound impact on their health. With the rate that these companies are expanding worldwide, the rate at which children are becoming obese is bound to be place even worse. Every corner you go around especially in America you will find a fast food restaurant. This is the main reason why America has the highest youth fleshiness rate. During the past 30 years the percentage of obese children between the ages of 6 and 11 has tripled. It is astound is it not all we attain to do to transfer this is adjust our food intake and watch our daily activities so I ask of you to join me and change for the better of our own lives.There are three causes of youth obesity that stood out from the rest for me. These are poor nutrition, low s elf esteem and a less active youth. Eating healthy means taking a lot more time to prepare a repast and it costs more than a readymade, super fast, unwatched while being cooked and full of oil fast food meal. A lot of parents are not educated with what is right for their children to be eating. So they leave their children to enjoy what they like instead of having a balanced diet. Childrens self esteems lower when they are obese because of societys influences on being thin out. As they deal more obese their social interactions with other youths decrease because of this influence.Now the low self esteem that develops leads to children no longer being around others thus make them become less active which helps to make children even more obese. A study performed by Research Triangle Institute International for the Centres of Disease avow in Washington, DC surveyed 986 parents on childhood obesity and prevention. The results were as follows 49.5% did not feel schools had the righ t to record childrens weights. 72.9% felt that schools needed to provide weight vent and exercise programs. 39.1% thought an increase on the tax of fast food was constructive. 42.31% favoured the standardization of food portions in restaurants.You must be thinking that to stop obesity means we just have to remove fat from our diets. But you would be wrong stopping obesity does not just mean removing fat from your diets. ordinarily when people remove fat from their diet they will increase their intake of sugar, high density carbohydrates, and starches. This means you are having a low protein and fat meal which often leave people feeling hungry which leads to them filling their stomachs as soon as possible with whatever they can find to eat.That is wrong. You need to have and stick to a balanced diet. Most of us eat 3 large meals, breakfast, lunch and supper. That too is wrong. You need to eat six small meals and your go away meal should be eaten at least two hours before going to sleep to allow for you to burn all fat and energy from the meal. This information was condition to me by an actual dietician from CFB.Coming back to the topic of game consoles and I would like to add into that topic television. The question is, is television a whiz or foe of youth obesity is what I shall answer for you. Every hour a child sits and plays a video game or watches TV they may double their risk of becoming obese. Glenda Nichols, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Tarrant County College she stated in an interview that on average a child watches or plays a video games for 7.1 hours a day. That equals to 25,000 hours of being in front of a television by the time that they would be seniors in high school. That is extremely dangerous because children are guaranteeing their chances of becoming obese.Some long term effects of childhood obesity are high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and the development of diseases much(prenominal) as type 2 diabetes. These are all very d angerous for the human body. But these are just a few of the many associated problems. more(prenominal) problems associated with obesity are1. Diabetes2. Hyperlipidemia3. Blood circulation diseases like arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, and palsy4. Skin disease5. Joint problems, back, knee, and ankle pain6. liver disease7. Cholelithiasis8. Menstrual abnormalities9. Female infertility10. Breast cancer11. Endometrium cancer12. Decline in libido13. Mental stressWe all live in a society that sends out very strong messages about beauty and body weight. Girls are encouraged to constantly diet and exercise until they attain a fit, thin body. Boys are told to constantly work out and do whatever is necessary to attain a buff, muscular figure. Am I wrong? So come on lets follow the messages society sends to all of us together. I ask all of you to not do it for me but to do it for yourself. You will not forget it especially in the long run. So come on lets get healthy.

The Glorious Revolution in England

The Glorious Revolution of England happened in the seventeenth century, and the French Revolution, happened in the late 18th century to early nineteenth century this is during the age of enlightenment. The renewings where started because of the new ideas and wants of the common people. They redeem a lot of similarities because they influenced each other but they also have many differences because they are different countries and people.Because the ideas from the revolutions are so new and smart they influenced many other countries and their governments. The Glorious Revolution of England came fist during the eightinth century was the idea to undermine King James II and replace him with a ParliamentThe French Revolution began with members of the Third Estate pronouncing the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July. The similarities are mostly in how the revolution was started. twain King Charles I and Louis XVI were in debt because of the lack of money left b ehind from past monarchs. Both kings gave the problem on the peasants which made them very angry. They didnt want to pay off the debt of the monarchs who they already payed large taxes to. King Charles I and Louis XVI had to summon on Parliament and the Estates to fix their financial issue. Instead of fixing the money problem they came up with new ways of government and planned against the monarchy. The briny differences between the revolutions came from the philosophers.The main philosopher that influenced the revolution in France was Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the main philosopher for England was John Locke. John Locke was known as the father of libertarionism and is reguarded as one of the most influencial elightenment thinkers. Jean-Jacques Rousseaus political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the advance of modern political and educational ideas The political and social ideas of both the English and the French revolutions influenced many governments in the world su ch as America, Canada, Germany.. tc. Because of the English revolution the political idea of a constitutional monarchy rose and allowed more freedom and input from the common people in England. The French revolution made way for new government systems, such as democracy and socialism. The glorious revolution in England and the French revolution both are chance on turning points during the age of enlightenment and have influenced many of todays governments as well.

Pros and Cons of Lenski’s Socio-Cultural Developement Essay

Lenskis levels of socio-cultural explain the changes in cultural ideas which are caused by new technology. at that place are four levels of development lookup and gathering, horticulture and pastoralism, agriculture, and industry.The first level of development is hunting and gathering. Hunting and gathering is the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation. Some benefits of this story could be that they all did basically the same thing, therefore, to a greater extent equality in their society. They also lived in small groups instead of fully grown communities, so they were more socially intertwined. Some of the negatives where having to move a lot to follow migrating animals and finding food when their supply ran out. An other is that they were extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. With all members doing these tasks, there wasnt much time for other things.The second level is horticulture and pastoralism. Horticulture is the use of hand tools to raise crops, a nd, pastoralism is the domestication of animals. The positives of this stage include being able to feed more which led to larger settlements. withal they were able to stay in the same place if they did both of these things. Some of the drawbacks were that rulers started coming into play. Also, they had to find good soil to plant crops. If their society depended basically on pastoralism they tended to be nomadic.The third level is agriculture. Agriculture involved large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources. Some of the positives of this stage include less human labor and large food surpluses. This also led to more work choices and time for some to study and cultivate a refined way of life. Some of the negatives included a more impersonal and individualistic social life. This caused more social inequality and caused there to be a few elite and many serfs. Men also started gaining more power over women.The fourth level is industry. Industr y involved the production of goods using groundbreaking sources of energy to drive large machinery. There were many benefits and negatives to this stage. Some of the benefits include a lot less human labor which in turn boosted productivity. There also became muchmore transportation, communication, and schooling. This started more personal freedom, political rights, and less inequality. The living standards also increased in this stage, which spurred advanced medical care. Some of the drawbacks were the large factories where people were supervised by strangers. Also many cultural values surrounding family-centered life were pushed aside, which weakened the community. We also started to abuse the natural environment and created more weapons.These stages led to major changes in the way of human life. There were many benefits and drawbacks to each stage. We can learn many things by seeing the way things need changed and by studying our history.

Historical Allegory and Symbolism in Animal Farm

Haley Pruitt Mrs. Blount AP Literature and Composition 12 November 2012 Symbolism and Allegory in animate being call forth When George Orwell wrote his literary masterpiece that has been acclaimed for umpteen years by critics all(prenominal)where, Animal bring out, there were galore(postnominal) humanness events shaping the future of all of Europe and the world that impacted his views, which therefore influenced his writing and opinions. His accent and values help to shape the glasses through which he views these events.George Orwell is put into positions of warfare and diplomacy and handles both eloquently as he allows them to mold him into the mortal that writes the masterpieces that he goes on to produce. Animals are implemented to retell the story of Marxism, the Russian Revolution, and the downfall of utopian views and societies. George Orwell uses symbolism and allegory in his novel Animal Farm to appearance the social issues of the Soviet Union in the sentence period of 1917 through 1943.The background of George Orwell must be understood beforehand whiz flock go deeper into his literary progress tos. George Orwell was the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair who was born on June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bihar, India. He was born into an upper middle class family and went to Catholic school. He travel to Burma where his grandm differentwise lived, and this is where he later wrote Burmese Days, A Hanging, and Shooting an Elephant. In Burmese Days, he resigned to escape not merely from imperialism precisely from every form of mans dominion over man (Orwell 748).When George Orwell moved to London, he began to explore the slums and the poorer parts of the city so that he could learn to comprehend them and the context of the many books that were written about them. Orwell became interested in the Spanish Civil struggle and decided to take part in it because of this, he was asked to be a part of the Spanish Embassy in Paris and he cherished to eliminat e fascism throughout the world. George Orwell was married to and adopted a son with Eileen OShaughnessy. She died in 1945 during a surgical procedure. Right before he died, he married Sonia Brownell in 1949. Orwell died at 46 years old from tuberculosis.He was in and out of many hospitals for the last three years that he was alive. The reason was buried according to Anglican Rite in the All Saints Churchyard. At the outbreak of World War II, George Orwell was deemed unfit for service so he began to write for newspapers. Orwell wrote a column of the Tribune and he was a major contributor/writer of The Observer. By this stage, Orwell saw himself in the main as a political writer, a democratic socialist who hated party labels, hated one-man rule, and was to become more and more disillusioned with the methods of Communism (Orwell 748).Orwell cute to expose Communism and eliminate it from Europe. Through his writing for various newspapers, he saw himself as making a difference, but n ot quite as much as he would have the liked so he began a novel to show the ugly truth of Communism once and for all. ahead the end of 1944, Animal Farm was ready for publication, but a publisher could not be found as it was considered an attack on the Soviets. No one wanted to accept that kind of responsibility and punishment if something where to reach the Soviet Union regarding his use of allegory and symbolism using animals against them and their ideas.Eventually Jonathon Cape agreed to guarantee the controversies that Orwell discussed and he create it. Jonathon Cape founded Jonathon Cape Ltd. with Wren Howard in 1921. It was one of the leading literary publishers in London during the time period. Jonathon Cape also published casts such as T. E. Lawrences The Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Arthur Ransomes Swallows and Amazons, and the first of the James Bond books. Another historical issue that must be dealt with before a further understanding of Animal Farm can be reached is wha t exactly happened in the Soviet Union with the Russian Revolution and Marxism.Two German philosophers, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles, coined Marxism. The communist Manifesto(1848) of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided a theoretical basis for the varietyary movements springing up in Europe in the latter part of the nineteenth century, (Meyers). Marxism is a elan to reckon at socioeconomics that is based on a more materialistic view of the development of history, a view of social change that has a lot to do with location, and an examination of the relationships of social classes within society and the way that capitalism is wrong and should be looked down upon.It involutions for the self-discovery and freeing of the working class and making everyone equal to a certain degree. The Bolsheviks adopted these ideals of Marxism when they took over Russia in the Russian Revolution. World War I did not make things any easier on the peasants. Now they were forced to fight for a coun try they did not like in the first place and they were being simply slaughtered because they were not trained soldiers. Originally, it served to quiet the peasants because everyone was united against one enemy, but it wore off once the initial benefits were gone.Russias first major battle of World War I ended in over thirty jet Russian troops were killed or wounded and the revolutions began. Tsar Nicholas began to make poor military choices and the Russians, particularly the lower class people as they had to fight and localise their family and friends off to fight, began to think that there could be something better out there if they could find the right type of organisation to suit them. The February Revolt was the first of these revolts in the city of Petrograd.The tsar abdicated the throne because he was frightened and knew that he did not possess enough military world power to defeat the revolts. After this, there was a period of dual power where there was a provisional gover nment that was loyal to the Soviet Socialists. The Bolsheviks were a group in Russia that began to revolt when the provisional government chose to continue to fight in Germany. Vladimir Lenin and the workers Soviets led the Bolsheviks. They quickly removed Russia from World War I with the Treat of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.This resulted in a courtly war between the Bolshevik (red) and anti-Bolshevik (white) factions of the government, lasting for several years, with the Bolsheviks eventually pulling out a victory. The way that this happened, it allowed for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to rule later. The way that the Bolsheviks ruled the Soviet Union can be compared to the way that the Catholic Church was run (Frye 11). These are comparable because both were totalitarian and rigid with itty-bitty thought into the people that adhereed them.People followed long sets of rules and did not really know why and there was no reward for them except to keep their lives/n ot be excommunicated from the church. The Russian Revolution describes the mini revolutions that happened in Russia in 1917 that rose up against the monarchy of Russia of which tsar Nicholas was the head. The causes of the Russian Revolution pertaining to society came from the oppression felt by the lower classes in the autocracy of the tsar. They had been emancipated, but life was no better for them.The industrialization of Russia led to overcrowding and very bad conditions in the cities for the urban industrial workers. This made the peasants more probable to go on protest and go on strike than in previous years. Some critics view the literary work of George Orwell to be creating a utopian society and to praise that idea of the perfect society. Orwell particularly valued the vigorous, colorful and concrete style of pamphlets and wanted to revive the genre, says Valerie Meyers of Orwells Animal Farm (Meyers).This is not well thought-out because he was making fun of the way that pe ople thought of utopias and he made the utopian society of the farm animals in Animal Farm fail miserably. If he had been praising the utopian societies and genre, then he would have written things differently and not had the society end in bereavement and death which is ultimately where he believed it would end. OrwellsAnimal Farm, like Swifts Lilliput and Blefuscu, is a coded satiric portrait of a real society, an anti-utopia which, by castigating real evils, suggests what society ought to be like (Meyers).George Orwell uses satire and allegory to show an intended utopia failing and Meyers puts it well when she says that he castigates real evils because Orwell legitimately shows the evils of what was happening in Russia and tries to simplify them into something of a fairytale that the sane person could digest and understand. . It is written as a fable though with the moral being to teach a political lesson (Meyers). He is trying to show the common person the effects on the peop le and the seriousness of the controversies that he chose to write about.The ultimate goal of writing Animal Farm was to destroy the Soviet myth (Patai). Orwell wanted the myth that everything was going great in the Soviet Union to be dismissed because people were not taking things seriously. The rest of the world did not think anything of the terrorism that was taking place because they simply did not even know that it was happening. Concerning Russian Communism, George Orwell did not take into account the underlying reasons for its shifting from a proletarian dictatorship into a kind of parody of the Catholic Church, (Frye 11).Orwell simply went through the process of what happened and didnt ask the questions like Why did elderly Major feel the way he did? or Why did the animals blindly believe the pigs and not question them? The characters that are used in the literary work of Animal Farm are animals. Some critics say this is because it is written in a fable-style and some, l ike Daphne Patai say that this is because, It was apparently easier for Orwell to identify with the animal kingdom, exploited at the hands of humans, than to note that buried in class and race divisions in the human orld lay the issue of gender oppression, (Patai). Orwell could more easily wrap his read/write head around the cruelty shown to animals because then he wouldnt have to relate it back to himself and his responsibility and role in the cruelty of human treatment to other humans. Also, it allowed him to disregard race and gender in the characterization of the animals that lived on Manor Farm. When he wrote about the pigs taking over and all the other animals numbly spare-time activity them he tried to show that the class struggle among humans is pure illusionwhich is itself an illusion, (Patai).George Orwell was trying to show that we dont have to blindly follow authority and that it is not in our best interest, but in the same respect, he proved that it can be dangerous i f you do not, therefore contradicting himself. Orwells concern is that no matter what viewpoint rulers adopt it is no guarantee that they can solve the central problem of revolutionindeed, of lifenamely, the abuse of power (Slater 241). George Orwell believed that whether it was Communism, Fascism, or Marxism, the leaders failed to do what they took over to do in the first place.His philosophy was that it doesnt matter the type of government, government cannot fix the problem of revolution no matter the strength. The characters that exemplify the symbolism and allegory make up the main plot of the masterpiece that is Animal Farm. The pigs represent the upper class Bolsheviks that took power, meat packer is the common man, the dogs are the secret police, and so on. Also, the symbols used throughout the book such as the hoof and horn flag, the Order of the Green Banner, and the part verse entitled The Beasts of England directly parallel symbols common in Russian society at the time. Even the battles have their own parallels of historical revolutions taking place in Russia (Meyers). Orwell wanted to blatantly make a point and leave no room for question as to what this was specifically allegorizing. He says that he will not take on to speak for the work Either it speaks for itself or it is a failure (Quinn). Orwell made everything so clear because he felt strongly about this issue of Marxism and the totalitarianism happening in Russia. If a critic had a question about what this was about, it would have defeated the purpose that it was meant to serve and so he wrote it in a way as to leave nothing to assumption.The character that most of the people struggling in this time feel that they can relate to is the character of Boxer, a workhorse. He buys into the lies that are fed to him by the pigs and believes all of the propaganda. Boxer truly believes that the pigs are doing what is best for him and even is found encouraging other animals to go on with their decisi ons. I will work harder and Napoleon is always right are the mantras that he developed to help himself keep going and accomplish the work he was assigned by the pigs.Eventually, the pigs decide that he cannot work any harder and Boxer is deemed useless he is sent to the glue factory much to the chagrin of the other animals that looked up to and admired him for his work ethics and motivation. The fact that he was sold for alcohol and food for the pigs shows just how the system of totalitarianism works. It shows the way that people blindly follow orders, and even those who follow orders are not rewarded. As for the pigs, Napoleon represents Stalin and sweet sand verbena represents Trotsky they supervise and keep the best of everything, including food such as apples and milk.Napoleon prefers a harsher take on everything defensive buildup of armaments, increased food production/work, and finally, eliminating Snowball from the equation altogether. Snowball is mellower, wanting destabili zation by propaganda, building of the windmill (reducing work hours), and an eloquent way to run things. Because they come to a head on all of these governmental matters, the more brutal animal, Napoleon, finally wins by driving Snowball off with the pack of dogs being used as secret police.Napoleon, like Stalin, turns Snowball, like Trotsky, into a criminal and an enemy of the animals his victory and bravery at the involution of the Cowshed is diminished piece by piece and his memory is degraded. The dogs are tricked into acting against their fellow comrades with offers of food and other treats. They mirror the KGB in that they do the tender of those in power and even turn against their leader when they see a reward for themselves (Gardner 103-104). Orwells Animal Farm is taught in schools all over the country, though the immediate need for the piece of literature is now gone because there is no more Russian Communism.Many critics say that it was written as a fable or a fairy tal e, and though Blair agrees, he also says Still, the narrative of Animal Farm is ingenious, and its twists retain a certain charm (Blair). Though the author is in the opinion that Animal Farm is simply a childrens book, there is a simple agreement that it was written ingeniously. The teaching of this literary masterpiece will continue throughout the years because of its use of historical allegory and symbolism to teach the reader simply what happened in the world events of the time period that George Orwell lived in.

Recombinant dna technology Essay

Recombinant desoxyribonucleic acid technology refers to the ability to isolate specific DNA sequences and alter or garble them to produce desired effect. More often, recombinant DNA technology is referred to as biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology is fascinating in that it has developed into a multi- cardinal dollar industry, and completely revolutionized farming and pharmaceutical industries, all within the past 50 years. According to one account, biotechnology was born during a meeting in Hawaii in 1972 between Stanford medical professor Stanley Cohen, and biochemist Herbert Boyer from the University of California (Russo, 2003).The men were attending a conference on plasmids, and discussed the ability to introduce plasmid DNA into the bacterium E Coli that would suffer researchers to actually clone the plasmids in the bacteria. Boyer and Cohen eventually chose different paths, both affected by the growing concerns about the safety of recombinant DNA technology, but this me eting is pronounced as the beginning of the biotechnology revolution. Cohen stayed in academia and defended recombinant DNA technology in US congressional hearings. During the analogous time, in 1976 Herbert Boyer partnered with venture capitalist and MIT grad Robert Swanson to set up and develop the worlds first biotechnology company, Genentech (Russo, 2003).Since its introduction in the 1970s the biotechnology industry has exploded, revolutionizing erudition and agricultural as well as pharmaceutical production. In 2011, Ernst &Young stated in the US alone there were 1,870 public and private biotechnology companies, their revenues worth over 60 billion US dollars (www.ey.com, 2012). To better understand how biotechnology has impacted the world we live in, it is good to have a broad understanding of the underlying principles of recombinant DNA technology. Firstly, devil types of DNA are isolated.The first is bacterial plasmids that will act as the gene carriers and the second is DNA from a nonher organism with a gene of gratify (Campbell essential biology, 1967). The plasmid is cut in one place, and the DNA is cut in the area of interest for a specific gene. Restriction enzymes cut double-stranded DNA molecules at highly specific locations, called restriction sites, into fragments that can be manipulated (Harrison, Sampson, 1992).The specificity of the different enzymes depends on the base sequence of the DNA. Some enzymes cut both strands at the same point to produce blunt ends, others cut strands at different points producing staggered ends sticky ends (Harrison, Sampson, 1992). The DNA fragments are then mixed with the cut plasmids, joining together at their base pairs, or sticky ends (G with C and T with A in a sequence). The union is made permanent by a pasting enzyme called DNA ligase, hence creating recombinant DNA. (Campbell essential biology, 1967). The bacterium containing the recombinant plasmid is then mass-produced creating clones of the rec ombinant DNA to be grown in large quantities.The success of biotechnology companies reflects the high demand and numerous applications of recombinant DNA technology. Animal farming and breeding has been altered, giving animals more meat, as well as giving cows growth hormones to produce more draw (Donnelley & McCarthy, 1994). Biotechnology is responsible for the synthesis of useful proteins to create vaccines and drugs that fight acute or chronic diseases and illnesses. Due to recombinant DNA technology, insulin is readily available to diabetics. Alternatively, genetically change organisms (GMOs) have been responsible for advancements in agri-business. In agriculture, biotechnology has allowed for genetically modified crops to produce more yield, and thus more revenue for farmers, by creating pest-resistant, weather- resistant crops (Federici, 2010). genetically modified food products can be given a longer shelf life through altering the genetics of an organism.To farmers, and a w orld with a growing population, genetically modified crops are looking more and more attractive. Weather resistant GMOs that can grow in otherwise bad climates have even been suggested as a solution to world hunger. there is concern about the safety and ethics of genetically modified and engineered organisms. In some(prenominal)(prenominal) European countries, GM foods are clearly labeled, in the US and Canada, there is no mandatory labeling laws for genetically engineered foods or products (Federici, 2010). Scientific data has indicated in some circumstances that animals fed by GM crops have been harmed or died. In some instances animals exposed to GM crops developed abnormally and displayed detrimental reproductive issues (Maghari & Ardekani, 2011). change magnitude prevalence of food allergies has also lead to blaming untested genetically modified crops as the source of the allergies (Maghari & Ardekani, 2011). Environmentalists are also enraged at the introduction of geneti cally modified organisms.GM seeds, once planted, and harvested, yield seeds of their own and often mix with wild, organic seeds, thus producing offspring that are hybrids of the genetically modified organism. Loss of biodiversity imputable to the GM resistant strains overtaking natural plant breeds in nature is a serious concern for environmentalists and biologists (Burke, 2012). They claim that the effects of GMOs have not been researched or experimented long enough to determine if there are any long-term side effects to humans (Maghari & Ardekani, 2011). Although the biological advancements in medicine and science have greatly improved the quality of life of humans, the effects of genetically modified foods and GM animals is concerning.By providing vaccines otherwise unavailable to humans through biotechnology, umteen people experience longer then expected life spans. Usefulness of recombinant DNA technology in the worlds healthcare system can not be denied. However, the dependen ce on GM food in sustaining the worlds population should be examined more in depth. Has enough research been conducted on the effects of GMOs on humans, animals, biodiversity, and the environment? I would disagree that sufficient data exists to be exploiting the science of biotechnology as vastly as humans have.BibliographyBurke, D. C. (2012). Theres a long, long trail a-winding The complexities of GM foods regulation, a cautionary tale from the UK. GM Crops & Food, 3(1), 30-39. doi10.4161/gmcr.18041Donnelley, S., & McCarthy, C. R. (1994). The brave new world of animal biotechnology. battle of Hastings Center Report, 24(1), S1.Ernst &Young. (2012). Global Biotechnology Report. Ernst & Young website.Federici, V. (2010). GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD AND INFORMED CONSUMER CHOICE COMPARING U.S. AND E.U. LABELING LAWS. Brooklyn diary Of International Law, 35(2), 515-561.Harrison, J., & Sampson, J. (1992). Enhancing understanding of recombinant DNA technology. Journal Of Biological Educatio n (Society Of Biology), 26(4),300.Maghari, B., & Ardekani, A. M. (2011). Genetically Modified Foods and Social Concerns. Avicenna Journal Of Medical Biotechnology, 3(3), 109-117.Russo, E. (2003). Special Report The birth of biotechnology. Nature, 421(6921), 456.Simon, J., Dickey, J., Reece, J. (1967). Campbell essential biology with physiology. (4th ed.). London Dorling Kindersley Limited.Quaye, W. W., Yawson, R. M., Ayeh, E. S., & Yawson, I. I. (2012). mood CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition & Development, 12(5), 6354-6364

Matty Doolin

Matty Doolin 700 Headwords Author Oxford Bookworms library Summary Matty is fifteen and is leaving school in a few weeks time. He wants to work with animal, and would same to run a trade on a farm. But his parents say he is too modern to leave home he must stay in the town and get a job in ship-building, like his father. They also say he cant go on a camping spend with his friends. And they say he cant keep his drop behind, Nelson, because Nelson barks all day and eats his fathers shoes.But it is because of Nelson that Matty take a chances a new life026 The eyepatch is very nice and easy, so I could follow easily the plot of this novel. Characters 1) The main character in the story is a boy his label is Matty and he is fifteen years old, who has a dog his name is Nelson. 2) The second main character is Nelson, because of Nelson that Matty finds a new life. Basically, it all began because of Nelson. 3) Mattys parents, Mr. And Mrs. Doolin, especially his mother Mrs.Doolin, t hat she pushed Nelson extinct into the street, so Nelson died because of her, but she didnt mean that, she was angry from Matty because Matty stayed out all day, and the dog was barking for hours while she was waiting for him, so she pushed Nelson out into the street, then the car hit him. 4) Mr. Funnell. He was Mattys teacher in the school, but he also helped the children to find jobs when they left school. 5) Willie and Joe, they are Mattys friends. Also, the camping holiday was Williess plan. He, Matty, and Joe were best friends. 6) Mr. Walsh, the farmer and Mrs.Walsh and her daughter Jessica, and Mr. Walshs the two sheep dogs, the bigger dog her name is Betsy and the other one, her son, Prince. Subplots 1) Staying out all day including the story of Nelsons death. 2) Going for their premier(prenominal) long walk. 3) The storms story. 4) The Mattys first real day on a farm. 5) Matty and Jessica, having a talk in the barn. 6) The story of Matty and Jessicas adventure on the hills . Action the action of the story is very interesting and dramatic. There are six basic actions 1) Matty and Nelson 2) cantonment 3) Blisters and storms 4) Helping on the farm ) A night on the hills 6) A new life for Matty Themes Kindness, love, respect, cooperation, and fortune are the main themes of the novel. Moral The moral of the story is that if you want something in this life, you have to work to get it. Opinion In my opinion, Matty was not young to leave home, because Mr. and Mrs. Walsh will be life second parents to him. In addition, he will be very happy in his job, because he loves animals and he loves the hills and mountains. But, I think, at fifteen, nobody really knows what he wants to do. Also, perhaps Matty will be bore with his job after a few or many years.

Family Nursing Diagnosis Essay

A patient is considered to be man-to-man and unique in his or her own way, a family is one and distinctive within a residential district (Christianson, Powell, Huhn, & Blanton, 2012). According to Stanhope and Lancaster (2012), a family nursing assessment identifies family problem beas and family strengths that help build for interventions to maintain health. In providing a family with nursing diagnoses, utilization of appropriate family assessment tool would be of benefit (Christianson, Powell, Huhn, & Blanton, 2012). A.T. is a 36 socio-economic class old Caucasian female who is 5 feet 3 inches and weighs 180 pounds. A. T. has cardinal chronic illnesses Hypertension and Diabetes, with positivistic medication that she is supposed to takes twice a day. A.T. is a full time cashier at Marshalls and lives in the Old Salem, the minority argona of Winston-Salem, spousal relationship Carolina. A.T. lives with her terce children and husband of five grades.A.T. was married previou s and had devil sons N.W. and H. W. She is currently in the process of getting full custody of her deuce oldest sons. Her husband T.T. is a 39 year old Caucasian male who is 5 feet 5 inches and weighs 230 pounds. He is self-employed as an electrician. T.T. was in a four wheeler accident two years ago which lacerated his spleen. T.T. had surgery to dispatch his spleen. He takes daily medications to prevent serious infection. T.T. roll of tobaccos one pack of cig arettes a day sometime in the home and outside. N.W. is 12 year old male who does not like school, but enjoys baseball and hunting. He has a comprehension learning disability and has an IEP with the school system to assist with learning needs. N.W. is in midst school. His school starts at 645 am which mean N.W. has to be on the bus at 550 am because the middle school is a 20 minutes from the familys home.H.W. is a 9 year old male. He enjoys school and spending time with his family and friends. E. T. is the familys five ye ar old daughter who is in kindergarten at a title one school. E.T. has asthma which is controlled by anomalous and Albuterol inhaler. E.T. also has a speech delay and receives speech therapist twice a workweek at school. The T family currently lives in a 1950 one story 1000 square posterior house with a basement. The family remodeled the basement to make two bedrooms, therefore, the home has four small bedroom and two bathrooms. A.T. dislikes the way the home was placed on the property. She feels she has no privacy because both homes to her right and left are extremely close. A. T. alsowould like a larger driveway overdue to having to park on the passage and a larger backyard.The family feels safe in their community due to community watch by neighbors and the constabulary patrol the area often. A. T. and T. T. has no family that lives near but has numerous friends. A.T. enjoys reading, shopping, and spending time with family. A.T. and T.T. drink socially. A.T. and T.T. does no t knead often. A.T. said that she has not been to a patriarchal care provider in over three years and admitted that the whole family does not go to their primeval care provider unless they are sick or needs medication refills. A.T. said that she uses meditation and relaxation techniques to handle stressful situations. The family eats fast sustenance three times a week.Watsons scheme of caring is the foundation for professional nursing (Simourd, 2013). Watsons conjecture of human caring focus on the human aspects of nursing as it relates to scientific friendship and nursing practice (Simourd, 2013). Her theory focused on promoting health, preventing illnesses, caring for the sick and restoring health (Simourd, 2013). Watsons theory promotes suckle and patient interaction but focuses on developing a caring relationship. Caring for patients promotes reaping and caring environment which promotes healing. Watson believed that holistic health care is central to the practice of ca ring in nursing (Nursing Theory, 2013). Many of the Watsons carative factors are helpful for community health nurses.Several carative factors focus on the nurses part of the caring relationship in clarifying values to the clients (Nursing Theory, 2013). Understanding ones self and being sensitive to others is as Coperni bathroom in caring for the community as individuals. companionship caring occurs within a helping-trusting relationship and is directed toward protecting and enhancing the self-esteem of other (Nursing Theory, 2013). Watsons theory is connected to community health through it focus of promoting health, preventing illnesses, and restoring health.One nursing diagnoses for the T family is Nutrition, Altered unstableness more than body requirement related to increasing BMI for both parents and the children. healthy mess 2020 Leading Health Indicator related to this nursing diagnosis is Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity ( levelheadedPeople 2020, 2013). One nur sing intervention related to the nursing diagnosis includes providing education to the family about appropriate calorie recess, the need to sum up the intake of fruits and vegetables, the importance to reduce sugar intake among the children, and to reduce fast food.Another nursing intervention is connecting the family with the Forsyth County subdivision of Public Health for nutrition classes and cooking class that is offered through Cooperative Extension Service. A third gear gear nursing intervention is to discuss and implement an exercise plan with the family that includes at least one minute of vigorous exercise apiece day as tolerated. Good nutrition, physical activity, and healthy weight are innate parts of a persons overall health and well-being (Healthy People 2020, 2013). The moment nursing diagnoses for the T family is Ineffective Health Maintenance related to insufficient knowledge about the bad effectuate of active and passive smoking. Healthy People 2020 Leadi ng Health Indicator related to this nursing diagnosis is tobacco (Healthy People 2020, 2013). One nursing intervention is to provide education to T.T. about the effects of secondhand smoke and provide education to T.T. about smoking outside and not around the family (Wang, Hu, & Lam, 2011). uphold nursing intervention is to provide education on cessations and identify triggers that increase tobacco usage (Wang, Hu, & Lam, 2011).A third nursing intervention is to provide T.T. information to QuitlineNC which provides free cessation service to any North Carolina resident who needs assistance quitting tobacco use (OuitlineNC.com, 2014). The QuitlineNC information is provided through the Forsyth County plane section of Public Health. baccy use is one of the most single preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the coupled States (Healthy People 2020, 2013). Tobacco usage is one of the United States deadliest and most costly public health challenges (Healthy People 2020, 2013). The third nursing diagnosis for the T family is Ineffective Health Maintenance related to limited use of primary care provider.One nursing intervention is to provide education about the value and need for habitue preventive visits with a primary care provider for the family. Second nursing intervention is to assist the built-in family in obtaining a primary care provider appointment for distributively member of the family and remind the family of the appointments that are scheduled. A third nursing intervention is assessing the barriers related to reason the family isinconsistent with primary care visits. Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicator related to this nursing diagnosis is Access to Health run (Healthy People 2020, 2013). Increasing access and providing information about routine medical care is one essential step in improving the health of all Americans (Healthy People 2020, 2013).There are a a couple of(prenominal) legal and ethical considerations in the co mmunity of Winston-Salem. The homes within the city are built close to each other. Homes close together may have been completed so that contractors could maximum the figure of speech of homes within the city. In doing so, this has violated the residents privacy and sense of space. A solution for this trouble is that the city of Winston-Salem provides each resident with a privacy fence around the property. Another legal and ethical consideration in the community is that the City of Winston-Salem fire department is limiting the number of emergency medical calls due to an increase in fuel amounts and usage. The residents concerns continue to rise due to the limited number of ambulances and personal.Solutions to this concern is to have the Winston-Salem antiaircraft gun Department start back running medical calls with Emergency Services or to increase the number of paramedics and ambulance within the community. A third legal and ethical consideration for the community of Winston-Sale m is banning cigarette smoke on and around County property, the local hospitals, and the property of the school system. Secondhand smoke is as dangerous as first hand smoke. Secondhand smoke can cause cancer and heart-disease for non-smokers. A solution for this concern is for the Forsyth County Department of Public Health to advocate to the county commissioners to ban cigarette smoke on and around county property, local hospitals, and school systems.I will advocate and provide case management services for the T family. I will explain options for access to care and explain the importance of playing an active role in their healthcare. T.T. has no spleen, therefore, it is vital for him to use services within the community to prevent disease and maintain form with medications. E.T. has asthma it is a chronic condition that requires frequent monitoring and education. Medications can be expensive and it is important that E.T. stays compliant with herhealthcare. A.T. works full time rec eiving minimum wage and T.T. attempts to work as more as possible but is not guaranteed hours or money which can be stressful for the family. I am committed to assisting the family with community resources. A.T. and T.T. can use services at the Forsyth County Department of Public Health, Southside United Health Center, or club Care Clinic for primary care related to medical and dental due to having no insurance.The T family health will be affected by secondhand smoke at home and in the community. E.T. suffers from asthma therefore, the secondhand smoke can trigger asthma exacerbation. E.T. must film her Albuterol inhaler at all times. T.T. has no spleen therefore, he has an increased risk for infection. A.T. has high blood wring that can lead to heart problems such as CHF and MI. Stress can elevate the blood pressure and cause serious health issues. Stressors for A.T. are the well-being of her children, an attempt to get full custody of her two sons, her children learning conce rns, and financial concerns. It is important that A.T. monitor her blood pressure at least daily and to promise her blood sugar three times a day before each meal. A.T. needs to throw a log of the values. Due to A.T.s chronic condition her role as mother and primary caregiver could change at any time.A.T. and T.T. are reluctant in allowing the whole family to receive influenza vaccination. A.T. is against the vaccination because of the negative feedback she has heard about the Flu vaccination. She explained that the reason she was reluctant to the vaccination, stating that she heard the vaccination was a live virus, therefore, she feels the family would get the flu. My belief was different from A.T. because I am aware that the flu vaccination is an dormant(ip) form of the virus that is injected into individuals, to allow the body to build up immunity. I explained the reason the flu vaccination is needed each year and A.T. stated that she would get the family their flu vaccinatio n this fall (Oppel, 2012).I explained to A.T. that the Forsyth County Department of Public Health can provide more education on the need of the vaccination and can administer the vaccination free to the family. Education for this family will include healthy eating habits, daily exercise regimen, smoking cessation, the effects of second hand smoke, health management, and health access. Resources available tothis family are Forsyth County Department of Public, Community Care Clinic, Southside United Health Care center, and QuitlineNC. These resources were chosen because the family displayed and verbalized needs for education.

Monitor children and young people’s development Essay

Observation informal observations will be those which staff carry break through each day as you flirt with pupils. These whitethorn be small but over time will enable staff to build up a picture of each pupil. Staff may notice, for example, that a pupil is able to understand new concepts very easily, or that they are holding a pencil incorrectly. It is likely that teaching assistants will discuss your observations with teachers as part of the feedback process after your work with pupils. A disadvantage of informal observations is that they may not be recorded and you might forget to manoeuvre on what you have seen to others. Staff may also be asked to carry out formal observations on pupils to conduct the teacher in assessing pupils levels of development. The assessments that are made do you have jump on charts or records that map childrens development, that you then have planned and unplanned times to evaluate, enabling you to support childrens development / be aware of thei r current stage of development?Assessment frameworks involve methods such as Englands EYFS profile, possibly baseline assessments for children entering a new background knowledge, the way a setting assesses development for a possible 2 year progress check, P-scales are another method that may be used to assess the development of children with learning difficulties. Other materials from Early Support might be used. Standard measurement school tests/cognitive aptitude tests that demonstrate a snapshot of childrens faculty member ability or skill at retaining taught information and that might then be used to equal outcomes between a larger population of same-age children. Health programmes that might measure head circumference, weight, height, visual and audile functioning. Educational psychologists may use reasoning tests to assess an intellectual age in contrast to a chronological age.

Oedipus Rex Essay

Fear? What should a man fear? Its on the whole chance, chance rules our lives. Not a man on earth can fix a daytime ahead, groping through the dark. Better to live at random, best we can. (lines 1068-1072) The themes of indicate and light and darkness atomic number 18 prominent in Oedipus Rex, a play written in ancient Greece by the famous poet Sophocles. Oedipus was a powerful Greek king and was notable for his compassion, sense of justice and his swiftness of thought and action. Unfortunately for him, his support fell ill when the prognostic of his birth came true. Throughout the play, the audience experiences a series of emotions. They experience pity, fear, and anger. At the end of the play, the audience may or may not experience a katharsis, a neaten or purgation of emotions. The dispute between whether Oedipus should be viewed as a victim or precisely a part of the gods manifesting their power and thereby teaching man a lesson is a common public debate still in litera ture today.As many members of an audience believe, Oedipus can appear as having been victimised by the prophecy stricken upon him at birth. Oedipus, being born into such a horrible predicament, had no choice but to live his life as he did al airs afraid of the horrible outcome of his fate. His p bents Laius and Jocasta chose to selfishly bind there sons feet together and abandon him as a way of making sure they would never see him again and never be vulnerable to the day that Oedipus prophecy would come true. Therefore, the emotion of pity arises in the audience and Oedipus is viewed as a victim of a in truth tragic fate. However, it is important to consider whether he inflicted more agony into his life by trying to strife against his fate. Were the gods punishing Oedipus and ultimately all of mankind because of his retaliation?If so, not only was Oedipus punished, but also his parents were for engaged with the gods plans. Oedipus suffered the consequence of losing his sight and his mother committed suicide because of her shame and embarrassment. Today, some view the idea of fate as something planned by a greater being and for human beings, out of our control. For Oedipus and his parents, they thought that they could limiting their fate but as an outcome and consequence for disrespecting the gods, there was no way to escape it. As Oedipus eagerly attempted to uncover the truth about his fate, acting decisively and deliberately refusing to shield himself from the truth.Although we see Oedipus as a playing-piece of fate, the irony becomes so magnified that it seems as if Oedipus was leave behindingly bringing catastrophe upon himself. In one of Oedipus speeches, he declares that when he discovers the truth he will excommunicate the liquidator from Thebes and punish him severely. Ironically, Oedipus is the murderer himself that he spoke so viciously about and he leaves Thebes and blinds himself after he finds that Jocasta has hanged herself. Despite the ma ny character flaws that Oedipus withholds, such as quickness to anger, stubbornness, ignorance and arrogance, rather than viewing his fate as a indwelling result of the virtues and vices of his character, Oedipus teaches mankind a lesson in humility. Like many tragedies, Oedipus Rex teaches a lesson of morality to the audience.It teaches the audience that it is repair to be humble and that even if you are a good leader, it does not necessarily mean that you are a good person. Oedipus Rex also teaches that no matter your past or what you do to change your fate, it will always catch up to you somehow. People of Thebes, my countrymen, look on Oedipus. He solved the famous permeate with his brilliance, he rose to power, a man beyond all power. Who could behold his greatness without envy? instantly what a black sea of terror has overwhelmed him. Now as we keep our watch and wait the closing day, count no man happy till he dies, free of pain at last. (lines 1678-1684) These words, i ntercommunicate by the chorus, form the ending of Oedipus Rex. The chorus announces that even though Oedipus solved the riddle of the Sphinx, he was never happy with his life and his fate and he caused his own fall. Rather than a victim to his fate, he was the enemy to his fate.

Death in Prime Time

Ameri washbowl honorary society of Political and accessible Science Death in Prime Time Notes on the Symbolic Functions of last in the Mass Media Author(s) George Gerbner Reviewed work(s) Source Annals of the Ameri evoke Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 447, The Social nitty-gritty of Death (Jan. , 1980), pp. 64-70 Published by Sage Publications, Inc. in association with the Ameri undersurface Academy of Political and Social Science Stable URL http//www. jstor. org/stable/1042304 . Accessed 02/01/2012 2034 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the scathe & Conditions of Use, available at . ttp//www. jstor. org/page/info/ intimately/policies/terms. jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, look intoers, and students discover, use, and build upon a widely range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to change magnitude productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more than (prenominal) information about JSTOR, please contact emailprotected org. Sage Publications, Inc. and American Academy of Political and Social Science argon collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, pre work and extend access to Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. ttp//www. jstor. org ANNALS,AAPSS, 447, January 1980 Death in Prime Time Notes on the Symbolic Functions of end in the Mass Media By GEORGEGERBNER ABSTRACT The cultural (and media) significance of dying rests in the symbolic setting in which representations of dying atomic number 18 embedded. An examination of that context of mostly lashing suggests that portrayals of devastation and dying representations functions of companionable typing and control and tend, serve symbolic of on the whole, to conceal the rattlingity and inevitability the event.George Gerbner is Professor of communications and Dean of The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania. He is a principal tec, a long with Larry Gross and Nancy Signorielli, also of The Annenberg School, in the cultural Indicators research project studying television drama and viewer conceptions of social reality. He has been principal investigator on international and U. S. projectsfunded by the National Science Foundation, U. S.Office of Education, UNESCO, the International Sociological Association, the National Institute of affable Health, The Surgeon Generals Scientific advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior, the American Medical Association, the HEWs judgeship on Aging, and new(prenominal) agencies. He is editor of the Journal of Communication, and a volume on Mass Media Policies in Changing Cultures. 64 DEATH IN PRIME TIME 65 D YINGin the massmedia-both news and diversion (a distinction increasingly hard to make) -has a symbolic function antithetical from death in real life exclusively investing life itself-with it-and particular dream upings.We can begin to consider what these mig ht be by reflecting on the nature of representation. A symbol organisation is an artifact par excellence. It is tot exclusivelyy invented to serve human purposes. It can serve these purposes hardly if those interpreting it know the code and can fit it into a symbolic context of their own. They must solelyot the rules of the invention and the interpretative strategies by which it should be understood. Symbolic narrative, a story, has two basic ele handsts of invention fictive and selective. Selective invention is factual narrative such as news.Presumably true events (facts) atomic number 18 selected from an end slight stream of events. A narrative is invented to convey some meaning about the selected facts as interpreted in a previously learned framework of knowledge. Fictive invention is allegory and drama the facts atomic number 18 invented as well as the narrative. (Selection is of course involved in both. ) The function of fictive invention is to illuminate (literally to embody and dramatize) the invisible anatomical structure and dynamics of the significant connections of human life. It is to show how things work.Invention that can only select events but not create them must be more opaque it can only show what things are but rarely why or how they work. The full develop workforcet of the connections in the midst of events and human motivations and origins requires the freedom and legitimacy to invent the facts in a way that illuminates the other(a)wise hidden dynamics of existence. In this totally invented world of and fictivesymbols-selective without some purnothing happens pose and function (which need not be the same). permit us use as example the world of television which we have studied for some years. This give-and-take also applies to other media and cultural forms, with the difference that television is the generally non-selectively utilise universal storyteller of new-made society. It is, in that respectfore, more a symbolic env iron ment than a traditional medium. People are not innate(p) into the world of television. They are selected or created for a purpose. The purpose is usefulness to the symbolic world (called news determine or story values) that the producing institutions and their patrons find useful for their purposes.More numerous in both news and drama are those for whom that world has more uses-jobs, power, adventure, sex, youth, and all other opportunities in life. These values are distributed in the symbol system as most resources are distributed in the society whose dominant institutions produce most of the symbols according to status and power. Dominant social conclaves tend to be overrepresented and overendowed not only absolutely but also in relation to their numbers in the real population. (For example, men outnumber women at least three to virtuoso in television and most media content. Minorities are stick aroundd by having 1. The long-range project was first describe in my article on Cultural Indicators The Case of Violence in Television Drama in the Annals, Vol. 388, March 1970. The most recent report, including a description of methodology, appears in George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Nancy Signorielli, Michael Morgan, and Marilyn Jackson-Beeck, The Demonstration of Power Violence write No. 10, Journal of Communication, vol. 29 (Summer 1979). 66 THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY less than their proportionate share of values and resources.In the world of television news and drama, this means lower underrepresentation numbers, less usefulness, fewer opportunities, more victimization (or criminalization), more restricted scope of action, more stereotyped roles, minor life chances, and general undervaluation ranging from sexual congress neglect to symbolic annihilation. DEATH IN NEWS AND DRAMA Death in such a context is just another invented characterization, a negative resource, a sign of fatal stigma or ineptitude, a punishment for sins or mark of tragedy.I t is always a reminder of the risks of life, cultivating most anxiety and colony for those who are depicted as most at risk. In other words, death is one swash of the more general functions of social typing and control. Obituaries are the Social Register of the middle disunite. Even a nobody of modest status and power (i. e. a person of no symbolic existence in the common culture) becomes a somebody if the flicker of his or her (and its mostly his) life can leave its lowest symbolic mark of existence in the obituary column.Death in the news is a tightly script scenario of abandon and terror. Murders, accidents, body counts and catastrophies scatter a surfeit of impersonal corpses in ghoulish symbolic overkill crosswise the pages of our family newspapers and television screens. By the beat we grow up, we are so addicted to this necromania of our culture (and we are not alone), that its constant daily cultivation seems to add to a morbid sense of normalcy. Yet it is all well (i f unwittingly) calculated to cultivate a sense of insecurity, anxiety, fear of the mean world out there, and ependence on some strong protector. It is the modern equivalent of the bloody circuses in the Roman empires bread and circuses that were supposed to pull through the populace quiescent. At the center of the symbolic structure of death is the world of stories invented to show how things and drama. The most work-fiction colossal and universal flow of stories in modern society (and history) is of course television drama, most of it produced according to the industrial formulas developed to assemble large audiences and sell them to advertisers at the least cost.That is a world in which often no one ever dies a natural death. Assembly-line drama generally denies the inevitable reality of death and affirms its stigmatic character. Violent death, on the other hand, befalls 5 percent of all gush while prominent characters every week, with about twice as many killers (many of whom also get killed) stalking the world of prime time. The symbolic function of death in the world of television is thus embedded in its structure of abandon, which is essentially a show of force, the ritualistic consequence of power. THE STRUCTURE OF VIOLENCEAND POWERDominated as it is by manlys and masculine values, such(prenominal) of the world of prime time revolves around questions of power. Who can get away with what against whom? How secure are different social types when confronted with conflict and danger? What hierarchies of risk and vulnerability define social relations? In other words, how power works in society. The simplest and cheapest prominent DEATH IN PRIME TIME 67 demonstration of power is an overt expression of physical force compelling action against ones will on offend of being hurt or killed, or actually hurting or cleaning.That is the definition of violence used in our studies of television drama. Violence rules the symbolic world of television. It oc curs at an average 10-year rate of 5 violent incidents per hour in prime time and 18 per hour in spend daytime childrens programming-a triple dose. Violence as a demonstration of power can be measured by relating the percent of violents to the percent of victims within each social group. That ratio shows the chances of men and women, blacks and whites, young and old, to come out on top instead of on the seat.Conversely, it shows the risks of each group to end up as victims instead of victors. delay 1 is a summary of these risk ratios based on annual samples of prime time and weekend daytime (childrens) programs major melodramatic characters, a total of 3,949, from 1969 through 1978. It shows for each of several demographic and dramatic groups the ratio of violents over victims (including killing) and of only killers over killed (or the other way around) within each group. It also shows the percent of characters in each group involved in any violence as each violents or victims (or both).For example, of the 415 children and adolescent characters studied, 60. 5 percent (65. 0 percent males and 49. 1 percent feminines) were involved in violence. Of the males, victims outnumbered violents by 1. 69 but killers outnumbered killed by 3. 00. In other words, for every 10 child and adolescent violents there were about 17 victims, but for every 10 killed there were 30 killers in that group of characters. Overall, 63 percent of all characters were involved in some violence. For every 10 violents there were 12 victims, but for every 10 killed there were 19 killers.However, as we have just seen, involvement in violence and its outcome-as with values and resources-is not randomly distributed. Some features of the distribution of violence as a demonstration of power can be illustrated by selecting a few risk ratios from the Table, showing how these victimization rates define a hierarchy of risks within which the depiction of dying (and killing) is embedded. A hierarchy of risks Combining prime time and daytime characters, we find that victimization rates define a social hierarchy of risks and vulnerabilities.For every 10 characters who commit violence within each of the following groups the average number of victims for white men is .. nonwhite men is . lower class women is young women is . nonwhite women is . old women is . 12 13 17 18 18 33 If and when involved in violence, women and minorities, and especially young and old as well as minority women characters, are the most vulnerable. Now let us look at dying (and its dramatic counterpart, killing) in that context.We can compute a lethal pecking order by relating the number of killers to the number of killed within each group. inappropriate violence in general, killing eliminates a character and must be used more sparingly, either as curtain-raiser or as the final solution. Therefore, in most role categories, there are more killers than killed. Good men, the TABLE 1 RISK RATIOS MAJOR CHARAC TERS IN ALL PROGRAMS (1969-197 ALL CHARACTERS INVOLVED IN VIOLENCE VIOLENTVICTIM RATIO KILLERKILLED RATIO MALE CHARACTERS INVOLVED IN VIOLENCE VIOLENTVICTIM RATIO K N NAll regions Social Age Children-Adolescents Young Adults Settled Adults Elderly Marital Status Not get married Married Class Clearly Upper Mixed Clearly Lower Race White Other Character Type Good Mixed Bad Nationality U. S. Other 3949 415 813 2212 106 1873 987 269 3549 131 3087 360 2304 1093 550 3100 264 63. 3 60. 5 64. 5 59. 8 47. 2 65. 6 45. 5 59. 5 63. 4 69. 5 60. 1 55. 0 58. 4 61. 4 88. 0 58. 1 73. 5 -1. 20 -1. 60 -1. 36 -1. 12 -1. 15 -1. 23 -1. 27 -1. 38 -1. 19 -1. 25 -1. 19 -1. 33 -1. 29 -1. 22 1. 00 -1. 20 -1. 31 +1. 90 +3. 00 +2. 00 +2. 07 -1. 75 +1. 90 +1. 67 +1. 50 +2. 07 -1. 11 +1. 97 +1. 69 +2. 93 +1. 3 +1. 84 +2. 06 +1. 31 2938 297 539 1698 80 1374 626 182 2650 106 2235 280 1659 807 471 2263 203 68. 4 65. 0 69. 6 65. 7 50. 0 69. 7 52. 9 67. 6 68. 3 73. 6 65. 1 61. 1 63. 7 65. 8 89. 4 63. 2 80. 8 -1. 18 -1. 69 -1. 23 -1. 12 +1. 07 -1. 18 -1. 27 -1. 26 -1. 17 -1. 20 -1. 16 -1. 27 -1. 24 -1. 21 -1. 01 -1. 16 -1. 29 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1Risk Ratios are obtained by dividing the more numerous of these two roles by the less numerous within eac violents or killersthan victims or killed and a minus sign indicates that there are more victims or killed than violent victimsor killersor violents or killed.A +0. 00 ratio means that there were some violents or killersbut no victims or k killed but no violents or killers. DEATH IN PRIME TIME 69 male heroes of prime time drama, are at the top of the killing order. For every 10 good men killed, there are 38 good men killers. Next are young men and American men for every 10 young males killed, there are 22 young male and American male killers. The killed-killer ratio of all white males is only slightly lower 21 killers for every 10 white males killed.In other words, if and when involved in some fatal violence on prime time television, goo d, young, American and white males are the most likely to be the killers instead of the killed. They kill in a good cause to begin with or are the most powerful, or both. Women do not transfer so well. Their most favorable ratio is 20 killers for every 10 killed, and that goes to foreign women. The second highest female kill ratio goes to bad women they kill 17 characters for every 10 bad women killed. Next are middleaged women who kill 16 for every 10 killed.Thus women who tend to kill, kill much less than men, have comparatively more lethal power when they are foreign, immoral, or past the romantic-lead age, than when they are good, American, young, and white, as is the case with men. Their killing is more likely to be shown as unjust, irrational, and alien than is killing by men. At the very bottom of the lethal pecking order are old women who get involved in violence only to get killed and good women who get killed 16 times for every 10 killers. Old and good women get into vio lence mostly as sympathetic (or only pathetic) victims, rousing male heroes to righteous (if lethal) indignation.Next in line are lower class men, lower class women, and old men. For every ten killers in each group there are, respectively, 11, 10, and 10 killed. Unlike those of greater ability to survive conflict or catastrophy,older and lower class characters pay with their lives for every life they take. Provocation and retribution In general, then, as can be seen on the Table, the pecking order of both mayhem and killing is dominated by men-American white, middle class, and in the prime of life. At the top of the general order of victimizers are bad women, old men, and bad men, in that order.The presence of evil at the top of the power hierarchy suggests the dramatic role of villains provoking heroes to violent action. Heading the rank of killers over killed are good and other majority-type males. We can begin to discern not only the incendiary role of the bad but also the retri butive function of the good and the strong. Lowest on the dramatic scale are women, lower class, and old people. Of the 20 most victimized groups (both total violence and killing), all but three are women. Old women are at the bottom of the heap of both the knock about and the killed. Goodwomen are among the charactersmost likely to be both general and fatal victims of violence ratherthan the perpetrators. Good men have power as indicated by their heading up the killer-killed list good women, on the other hand, end up near the bottom of the power hierarchy. When it comes to violence, good are the strong men and the half-hearted women of the world of television. Dying on television is a violent retribution for weakness, sin, or other flaw in character or status. It is part of the social typing and control functions of centralized cultural production.Our research has found that heavy viewers (compared to light 70 THE ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY viewers in the same social groups) derive from their television experience a heightened sense of danger, insecurity, and mistrust, or what we call the mean world syndrome. It can be conjectured that the symbolic functions of dying are part of that syndrome, contributing not only to a structure of power but also to the irrational dread of dying and thus to diminished vitality and self-direction in life.

Duties of directors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Duties of music directors - Essay ExampleNotably, it is the company constitution that offers the board of directors with the adequate causality to administer the business of the company (Katz, Lipton & Katz, 2011). In simplest terms, delegation of power means effectual allocation of resources to people with adequate skills and knowledge. It is to be mentioned that delegation is quite significant for the senior management to attain all the unavoidable tasks in a timely manner. It is applicable in all industry sectors along with government. Hereby, a attribute is considered to be the person who is responsible to carry out the office, authority as well as duties of, or to act on behalf of, or symbolize others (Tomasic, Bottomley & McQueen, 2002). It is worth mentioning that there are numerous duties that the director is responsible for. The main objective of this paper has been to incubate the nature and the extent of statutory duties imposed on directors by Corporation Act. The discussion will further try to incorporate a critical analysis of the nature, practise along with effectiveness of the two statutory duties of the directors under the Corporation Act. The two statutory duties are obligation of good faith along with duty of care and diligence. The study will also sample to briefly discuss the duties of directors as well as relevant common laws which guide to run across the role of these directors. Background The decisions rendered by the director needs to be examined very carefully in order to comprehend the fact what could have been done so that the company could have obtained greater benefits from that director (Turnbull, 2012). If the director is ground to violate his duty, the company possesses the right field to sue the director for causing damages. There are numerous commonplace responsibilities of the directors which comprises of various specific duties. For instance, it is quite significant for the directors to exercise carefulness ( Turnbull, 2012). This implies that the directors are supposed to utilise their conscious judgements in order to administer the company in a proper way being resourceful of entrusting their judgments on certain measures. Furthermore, the delegation can be considered to be valid if it is done in a proper manner in the best interest of the company (Turnbull, 2012). Under the common law, it is the duty and right of the directors to deliberate. This implies that they are supposed to set up good efforts in order to get involved, discuss, consider and thus make riding habit of their judgment while acting on the matters of the company. It has been observed that it is the duty of the director to make use of their power for adequate purposes. If the power is being used for a wrongful reason, it is considered to be invalid. For instance, a director of the company may not be acting with an ethically sound purpose while the new-made shares tend to be issued. In such circumstances the company intends to restructure itself or to issue gifts in terms of compensation from the companys resources so that the power of the director can be enhanced. whatsoever act of the director which does not have a proper purpose might be considered as invalid, for instance, issuance of the shares to the public in order to defeat a takeover or to retain control of the company (Turnbull, 2012). It is the duty of the directors not to get involved in any kind of conflict of interests. Directors tend to have fiduciary duties which are generally outstanding to their company. This can be regarded as a

Different facets of the Macro Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Different facets of the Macro Economy - Essay ExampleThere was a development of modelling of trader risk that insinuated that decisions on investments are done with reference to commercialize noise, and these decisions are not acute and hence unpredictable from the simple fact that they are affected by the impressions of an investor. This makes the idiot traders a flagellum in markets of finance. Secondly, noise existence provides opportunists with information that enables them to exploit and take advantage of the situation in the market. These opportunists whitethorn engage in strategies of stealth trading where these investors extend their trade with time. Lastly, the ir rational numberity by the clattery traders may lead to movement of assets prices from their basic values hence making the market to destabilize. Contrary to that, investors who are rational would act in a manner opposing a swishy trader hence stabilizes the market equilibrium. There is a prediction that ins titutional investors fail in encountering activities that are unreasoning by the noisy traders. The examination of the essential put ins of the noisy traders on ADR market is as explained. ADR return falls or increases if the investors are not rationally pessimistic or optimistic. In the period of low noise, ADRs that are own by high school institutions exhibit autocorrelation that is same to ADRs being owned by low institutions. Nevertheless, in periods of high noise, ADRs that are owned by high institutions exhibit autocorrelation that is higher compared to the ones owned by low institutions. This creates an tax write-off that in that location must have been an engagement in stealth trading by investors for exploitation of an irrational market. Via a regression of Granger causality, there is evidence of ADR portfolio returns with high institutions ownership which confirms that these traders make a materialization of the market information which is in the long run converted t o securities. Finally, investors of an institution aid in the reduction of ADR returns of Europe. Though, for other continents ADRs, the stabilizing magnitude of positions of arbitrage that is taken by investors of an institution is not significant (De retentive et al. 1990) Question two Consider a model with both noisy traders and rational arbitragers. Suppose there are no limits of arbitrage. Then arise in investment sentiments among the noisy traders a) Shifts the asset demand convolute of the noisy traders N b) May lead to change magnitude short sales Y c) Has no effect on the equilibrium asset price N d) Affects the distribution of assets holding between the two groups of investors Y e) Affect the total gross supply of the assets in the market Y Discussion In instance of existence of the noisy trader and an arbitrager in a market, given that there are no limits of arbitrage and a situation of arising of sentiments, a) there would not be shifts in the demand curve of the no isy traders. The explanation for this is straightforward because given an irrational trader who takes risk which give rise to investment sentiment the prices of assets are mainly affected. In economics, the price of commodities affects demand in that the increase or decrease in prices leads to a movement of the curve and not a shift. Therefore, the statement of demand shifting is wrong as the main factor influencing demand of asset in this case is the price. b) The action may lead to increased short sales in that, in any case the noisy trader tries to sell the assets at prices that are lower than the market